Early detection of lung cancer is crucial. Although strongly associated with smoking, non-smokers can also develop lung cancer. So, it’s important for everyone to know the signs and symptoms. Awareness is vital for effective management and treatment.
What Is Lung Cancer?
Lung cancer is a malignant lung disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the tissues of the lungs.1 While it often affects individuals who smoke or have a history of smoking, it can also occur in non-smokers due to various risk factors such as exposure to secondhand smoke, air pollution, certain occupational hazards, and genetic factors.
Lung cancer often goes undetected in its early stages as it may not cause noticeable symptoms. As the disease progresses, individuals may experience a persistent cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, coughing up blood, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue. It is crucial to seek medical attention promptly if any of these symptoms persist to ensure early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Lung Cancer Symptoms, Causes, and Risk Factors
Lung cancer symptoms can vary depending on the location and size of the tumor. Some common symptoms include:
- Persistent cough that does not improve with treatment
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Coughing up blood
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue
- Hoarseness
- Difficulty swallowing
- Swelling in the face, neck, or arms
The primary cause of lung cancer is smoking tobacco, which accounts for approximately 80% to 90% of fatalities.2 Exposure to secondhand smoke, air pollution, certain occupational hazards (such as asbestos, radon, and diesel fumes), and genetic factors can also contribute to the development of lung cancer.
Risk factors for lung cancer include:
- Smoking tobacco
- Exposure to secondhand smoke
- Exposure to air pollution
- Exposure to certain occupational hazards (such as asbestos, radon, and diesel fumes)
- Family history of lung cancer
- Personal history of chronic lung diseases (such as COPD)
- Advanced age
Discover Treatment Options for Lung Cancer Patients
Treatment options for lung cancer depend on the stage of the disease, the type of lung cancer, and the individual’s overall health. Common treatment modalities include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and palliative care.
Surgery is the primary treatment option for early-stage lung cancer. The goal of surgery is to remove the tumor and any affected lymph nodes. Radiation therapy uses high-energy X-rays or other forms of radiation to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to kill cancer cells throughout the body. Targeted therapy uses drugs that specifically target cancer cells based on their unique characteristics. Immunotherapy helps the body’s immune system recognize and attack cancer cells.
Palliative care focuses on improving the quality of life for individuals with advanced lung cancer. It involves managing symptoms, providing emotional support, and addressing the physical, emotional, and spiritual needs of patients and their families.
Learn More About Lung Cancer
For more information about lung cancer, including prevention, early detection, and support services, individuals can refer to reputable sources such as the American Cancer Society, the National Cancer Institute, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Online research can help you recognize the signs and symptoms and prepare to discuss lung cancer with your doctor.